Welfare Reform in the United States

Welfare reform is the term used to describe the U.S. federal government’s laws and policies intended to improve the nation’s social welfare programs. In general, the goal of welfare reform is to reduce the number of individuals or families that depend on government assistance programs like food stamps and TANF and help those recipients become self-sufficient. From the Great Depression of the 1930s, until 1996, welfare in the United States consisted of little more than guaranteed cash payments to the poor. Monthly benefits -- uniform from state to state -- were paid to poor persons -- mainly mothers and children -- regardless of their ability to work, assets on hand or other personal circumstances. There were no time limits on the payments, and it was not unusual for people to remain on welfare for their entire lives. By the 1990s, public opinion had turned strongly against the old welfare system. Offering no incentive for recipients to seek employment, the welfare rolls were exploding, and the system was viewed as rewarding and actually perpetuating, rather than reducing poverty in the United States. The Welfare Reform Act The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 -- A.K.A. The Welfare Reform Act -- represents the federal governments attempt to reform the welfare system by encouraging recipients to leave welfare and go to work, and by turning over primary responsibility for administering the welfare system to the states. Under the Welfare Reform Act, the following rules apply: Most recipients are required to find jobs within two years of first receiving welfare payments.Most recipients are allowed to receive welfare payments for a total of no more than five years.The states are allowed to establish family caps that prevent mothers of babies born while the mother is already on welfare from receiving additional benefits. Since enactment of the Welfare Reform Act, the role of the federal government in public assistance has become limited to overall goal-setting and setting performance rewards and penalties. States Take Over Daily Welfare Operations It is now up to states and counties to establish and administer welfare programs they believe will best serve their poor while operating within the broad federal guidelines. Funds for welfare programs are now given to the states in the form of block grants, and the states have much more latitude in deciding how the funds will be allocated among their various welfare programs. State and county welfare caseworkers are now tasked with making difficult, often subjective decisions involving welfare recipients qualifications to receive benefits and ability to work. As a result, the basic operation of the nations welfare system can vary widely from state to state. Critics argue that this causes poor people who have no intention of ever getting off of welfare to migrate to states or counties in which the welfare system is less restrictive. Has Welfare Reform Worked? According to the independent Brookings Institute, the national welfare caseload declined about 60 percent between 1994 and 2004, and the percentage of U.S. children on welfare is now lower than it has been since at least 1970. In addition, Census Bureau data show that between 1993 and 2000, the percentage of low-income, single mothers with a job grew from 58 percent to nearly 75 percent, an increase of almost 30 percent. In summary, the Brookings Institute states, Clearly, federal social policy requiring work backed by sanctions and time limits while granting states the flexibility to design their own work programs produced better results than the previous policy of providing welfare benefits while expecting little in return. Welfare Programs in the United States Today There are currently six major welfare programs in the United States. These are: Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)MedicaidSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Programs (SNAP) or Food StampsSupplemental Security Income (SSI)Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)Housing Assistance All of these programs are funded by the federal government and administered by the states. Some states provide additional funds. The level of federal funding for welfare programs is adjusted annually by Congress. On April 10, 2018, President Donald Trump signed an executive order directing federal agencies to review work requirements for the SNAP food stamp program. In most states, SNAP recipients must now find a job within three months or lose their benefits. They must work at least 80 hours a month or participate in a job training program. In July 2019, the Trump Administration proposed a change to the rules governing who is eligible for food stamps. Under the proposed rule changes, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has estimated that more than three million people in the 39 states would lose benefits under the proposed change. Critics say the proposed changes will be â€Å"detrimental to the health and well-being† of those affected, and â€Å"further exacerbate existing health disparities by forcing millions into food insecurity.†

Thematic Analysis Maori Culture Essay - 1992 Words

Introduction This report is on Maori culture. So main purpose of thematic analysis it is about on Maori culture. This interview main purpose is the level of awareness of the all participants. Which is I describe different themes such as like culture, languages, religion, food. History Maori has a best culture including their tradition particular things, places, food, activity, languages, games, dance, tattoo, Maori arts, legends, forest, and everything they have. Specific culture it is different to all others country. Their history such as like a tradition they attract to people and people will know about Maori culture. Maori has lots of activity as welcoming to our culture and people also following to Maori culture. Now Maori culture is rich and they integral part of New Zealand. Maori has good stories that making creation on our society. Polynesian people settled in New Zealand then they are known as like a Maori people. They have a personal and unique languages and traditions. Also Maori take different types of food. Maori tourism is a growing industry by in New Zealand. Maori people take freshly and enjoying life in New Zealand. So which things participant A and C have a good knowledge about culture and participant B has average knowledge. But three of them co ntribute in their culture. Participant A shares some knowledge about specific culture including in main things of arts and all activity he gave me some thought about history. Also participant C sharing same thingShow MoreRelatedThe Awareness Of Maori Culture Essay1828 Words   |  8 PagesThematic analysis Introduction:- For our subject introduction of tourism .I take three participant interviews. This interview based on the awareness about Maori culture in New Zealand. In this assessment I found four main themes and describe it, and the four main themes is tattoo, language, life style and food. Because in New Zealand there are two culture, one is Maori culture and other is kiwi culture. Tattoo- Maori people originally came from eastern Polynesian and Maori people have different typeRead MoreThe Effects Of Influence On Adolescents1273 Words   |  6 Pagesand the role pro-anorexia websites may have on different ethnic populations. This could be because pro-anorexia website research is a relatively new area to study. Perloff (2014) suggests the pro-anorexia websites can penetrate nationalities and cultures previously immune from Western-style body ideals. To date, no studies have been conducted to compare the impact of pro-anorexia or pro-eating disorder websites influence on different ethnic prevalence rates of eating disorders. It could be thatRead MoreEvaluation Of A Successful Model For The Delivery Of Quality Te Reo Maori Education Essay5279 Words   |  22 PagesKA PUANANÄ ª O TE REO MÄ€ORI AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF TE REO ME Ã…Å'NA TIKAKA ENRICHMENT; FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF WHÄ€NAU AND TAMARIKI Abstract: Ka PuananÄ « o te reo MÄ ori is an innovative one-day a week te reo immersion (Level 1) programme which addresses access to quality te reo education in mainstream schools for years 1-8. This study focused on why the participants chose this programme as a successful model for the delivery of quality te reo Maori education, and whatRead MoreThe Word Of History By Frederick Dielman1569 Words   |  7 Pagesand sometimes write to provide lessons for their own society. In the words of Benedetto Croce, All history is contemporary history. History is facilitated by the formation of a true discourse of past through the production of narrative and analysis of past events relating to the human race.[17] The modern discipline of history is dedicated to the institutional production of this discourse. All events that are remembered and preserved in some authentic form constitute the historical record

Social Media Marketing Benefits-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Evaluate the Effectiveness and your usefulness of the Learning Experience. Answer: Social media is believed to provide competitive advantage and a dynamic space in the business where more customers can be targeted for attaining business profitability (Arca 2012). Companies also incorporate social media for performing business functions that provides flexibility in business approaches. This topic attracts my attention more as people usually use social media for personal communication but businesspeople also utilizes this medium for more brand exposure, brand equity and direct feedback from the customers. Though there are many types of social media platform like Facebook, LinkedIn, Google+, Twitter, Pinterest, Flickr and Vimeo, I have selected only Facebook as my subject of research. I have found that Facebook also drives the customer engagement first; clear representation of the product portfolio, better communication with the clients that drives the customer loyalty and easy sharing of posts and video regarding the products also helps them to get knowledgeable abou t their business initiatives. All these factors drive the profitability of an organization as transparency is maintained very easily between the organization and employee. I have learned many things and also value this research experience as I came to know the business utilization of social media for attaining customer base. Apart from the knowledge regarding the research topic, I have learned about the process through which I can accomplish any other research. I have learned about the process required to conduct a research, collect the data for research and analyze the same for obtaining the desired outcome. Experience in the learning process I have learned to develop a literature review on a research topic, where I have compared the work of other research scholars on social media. This has helped me to understand the different research perspective of these scholars, which on the other hand develop my knowledge in wider direction. I will help apply this knowledge to Assess whether or not an organization effectively utilizes the social media for their business benefits. I believe that in future I can recommend by managing authorities regarding the beneficial utilization of Facebook. I have researched about Facebook and have found that the popularity of Facebook increased when it made a concerted effort to transition from desktop to mobile. Moreover, research also shows that peoples top choice for customer care is through the social media, which is followed by website, or live chat, e-mail, toll free number and customer care centre in physical stores (see Appendix, Figure 1). I have read about the benefits of social media concerning business for accomplishing the literature review. I have found that not only the younger millennial are associated with the use of social media but number of older millennial are also increasing day by day. One of the reasons for greater utilization of the social media especially the Facebook is its ability to personalize the message (Caruso 2016). The literature also allows me to obtain the knowledge that active organizations like fast food restaurants like Mac Donald Hundry Jack can upload their live video and images regarding their business approaches. In recent times, other social media can also get accessed through Facebook and this can be witnessed through ability of managing Instagram via the Facebook Inbox (Kaur 2016). However, my research topic also focuses on the negative issues in business caused by the using of social media. These issues are time intensiveness, trust, privacy and security issue, negative feedbacks, and the propagation of User-Generated Content (UGC) (Kim and Eunju Ko 2012). I have also learned that since, the impact of social media can be seen in real-time, any negative comments can diminishes the brand reputation among the community irrespective of the genuineness of the users comments. In order to complete my research; I have developed a hypothesis that is usage of Facebook for business is significantly related to the restaurant business growth. I have read other research papers on research methodology and have selected the most appropriate research techniques through which desired research result could be obtained. In this research I have also formulated primary questions that is major impacts of using social sites (Facebook) for social marketing on internal and external publics and the food business. The secondary research questions are Effects of using Facebook on the net sales of the food business and critical parameters and suggestion that would be taken into account while using Facebook for marketing especially for food business. I have selected descriptive research as I am presenting the impact of Facebook on the organizational performance of fast food restaurants by taking accurate information. The business research methods have helped me to evaluate the ob tained research data quantitatively. I have read that research data can be analysed through qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. Though qualitative analysis helps to gain the result and scenario of the previously done research but suffered from inaccuracy. On the other hand quantitative data analysis presents the situation of the selected organization accurately through the opinion given by the research respondents. I do not only selected the employee or the customers as the respondents but I have selected customers, employees and managers so that through research question I can obtain specific research result that shows that Facebook has actually impacted positively in the business growth of McDonalds Hungry Jack. Usefulness of theresearch in learning process I have compared three journal articles that is also supported by other research works and highlighted the potential advantages and disadvantages of social media especially Facebook in a growth of a business. Some of the gaps that was found in these research are the actual cause behind unsatisfactory comments not always clear as users only depicts their initial feelings (Kwok and Yu 2013). Moreover, the health impact on the users is also not included in any of these researches. Moreover, the right way of utilizing the social media is also not discussed by any of these research scholars. All these gaps will be addressed in this research through the formulated research questions so that my research can provide a different perspective regarding the use of social media in the business growth. This knowledge made me learn about other details like how businesspeople of other organization uses the social media and I have found that in recent times, consumers learn about products on Pinterest , Facebook and Instagram. Even these products are sold to on Facebook and Twitter. Another important issue that I have found during the research is that social media provide ease in communication but incorporation of this strategy ignores the employee training in proper using of Facebook or other social media. Application of this learning in future I can say that all the work is preceded systematically. The first assignment is to formulate a literature review that compares some of the research work on the topic that is advantages and disadvantages of social media in business growth especially in fast food restaurants like McDonalds. I have learned to compare the arguments illustrated in the research work of other scholars. This will help me in future to finding out gaps in between two or more research works that is based on similar topic. However, I have utilized this knowledge in finding appropriate gaps that on the other hand help me to develop the appropriate primary and secondary research questions. I have also planned for a timeframe to complete the accurate research. All these knowledge and information will help me to conduct research on other topic in my academic journey accurately and efficiently. Reference List Arca, C 2012, 'Social Media Marketing benefits for businesses', Why and how should every business create and develop its Social Media Sites?, p. 89. Caruso, F 2016, 'Advantages and disadvantages of Social Media Marketing for Restaurants', Home Digital Marketing Advantages and disadvantages of Social Media Marketing for Restaurants, 6 october 2016 Kaur, Gurpreet 2016, 'Social Media Marketing', Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, vol no. 7 , p. 4. Kim, Angella J., and Eunju Ko. 2012, 'Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of luxury fashion brand', ournal of Business Research, vol 65, no. 10, pp. 1480-1486 Kwok, L. and Yu, B., 2013, 'Spreading social media messages on Facebook: An analysis of restaurant business-to-consumer communications.', Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, vol 54(1), , pp. 84-94 Leung, X.Y., Bai, B. and Stahura, K.A., 2015. The marketing effectiveness of social media in the hotel industry: A comparison of Facebook and Twitter.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,39(2), pp.147-169. Ashley, C. and Tuten, T., 2015. Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement.Psychology Marketing,32(1), pp.15-27. Ju, A., Jeong, S.H. and Chyi, H.I., 2014. Will social media save newspapers? Examining the effectiveness of Facebook and Twitter as news platforms.Journalism Practice,8(1), pp.1-17. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2014.Social media marketing. Sage. Tsimonis, G. and Dimitriadis, S., 2014. Brand strategies in social media.Marketing Intelligence Planning,32(3), pp.328-344